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What IS "Islam" REALLY ? |
We "Liberals Like Christ" are no experts on Islam, but we offer what we believe to be worthwhile resources: The first is from an "ecumenical" source, an excellent video comparing what the New Testament and the Kurhan teach about the life of Jesus and Mary : informationclearinghouse.info/article19505.htm
The two following are from what we believe to be good Muslim sources:
How Islam Lost Its Way
Islamabad, Pakistan -- If the world is to be spared what future historians
may call the "century of terror," we will have to chart a perilous course
between the Scylla of American imperial arrogance and the Charybdis of Islamic
religious fanaticism. Through these waters, we must steer by a distant star
toward a careful, reasoned, democratic, humanistic and secular future.
Otherwise, shipwreck is certain. For nearly four months now, leaders of the Muslim community in the United
States, and even President Bush, have routinely asserted that Islam is a
religion of peace that was hijacked by fanatics on Sept. 11. These two assertions are simply untrue. First, Islam -- like Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism or any other religion --
is not about peace. Nor is it about war. Every religion is about absolute belief
in its own superiority and the divine right to impose its version of truth upon
others. In medieval times, both the Crusades and the Jihads were soaked in
blood. Today, there are Christian fundamentalists who attack abortion clinics in
the United States and kill doctors; Muslim fundamentalists who wage their
sectarian wars against each other; Jewish settlers who, holding the Old
Testament in one hand and Uzis in the other, burn olive orchards and drive
Palestinians off their ancestral land; and Hindus in India who demolish ancient
mosques and burn down churches. The second assertion is even further off the mark. Even if Islam had, in some
metaphorical sense, been hijacked, that event did not occur three months ago. It
was well over seven centuries ago that Islam suffered a serious trauma, the
effects of which refuse to go away. Where do Muslims stand today? Note that I do not ask about Islam; Islam is an
abstraction. Maulana Abdus Sattar Edhi, Pakistan's preeminent social worker, and
the Taliban's Mohammad Omar are both followers of Islam, but the former is
overdue for a Nobel Peace Prize while the latter is an ignorant, psychotic
fiend. Palestinian writer Edward Said, among others, has insistently pointed out
that Islam holds very different meaning for different people. Within my own
family, hugely different kinds of Islam are practiced. The religion is as
heterogeneous as those who believe and follow it. There is no "true Islam." Today, Muslims number 1 billion. Of the 48 countries with a full or near
Muslim majority, none has yet evolved a stable democratic political system. In
fact, all Muslim countries are dominated by self-serving corrupt elites who
cynically advance their personal interests and steal resources from their
people. None of these countries has a viable educational system or a university
of international stature. Reason, too, has been waylaid. You will seldom see a Muslim name as you flip through scientific journals,
and if you do, the chances are that this person lives in the West. There are a
few exceptions: Pakistani Abdus Salam, together with Americans Steven Weinberg
and Sheldon Glashow, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1979. I got to know
Salam reasonably well; we even wrote a book preface together. He was a
remarkable man, terribly in love with his country and his religion. And yet he
died deeply unhappy, scorned by Pakistan, declared a non-Muslim by an act of the
Pakistani parliament in 1974. Today the Ahmadi sect, to which Salam belonged, is
considered heretical and harshly persecuted. (My next-door neighbor, an Ahmadi
physicist, was shot in the neck and heart and died in my car as I drove him to
the hospital seven years ago. His only fault was to have been born into the
wrong sect.) Though genuine scientific achievement is rare in the contemporary Muslim
world, pseudo-science is in generous supply. A former chairman of my department
has calculated the speed of heaven: He maintains it is receding from Earth at
one centimeter per second less than the speed of light. His ingenious method
relies upon a verse in the Islamic holy book, which says that worship on the
night on whichthe book was revealed is worth a thousand nights of ordinary
worship. He states that this amounts to a time-dilation factor of 1,000, which
he puts into a formula of Einstein's theory of special relativity. A more public example: One of two Pakistani nuclear engineers recently
arrested on suspicion of passing nuclear secrets to the Taliban had earlier
proposed to solve Pakistan's energy problems by harnessing the power of genies.
He relied on the Islamic belief that God created man from clay, and angels and
genies from fire; so this highly placed engineer proposed to capture the genies
and extract their energy. Today's sorry situation contrasts starkly with the Islam of yesterday.
Between the 9th and 13th centuries -- the Golden Age of Islam -- the only people
doing decent work in science, philosophy or medicine were Muslims. Muslims not
only preserved ancient learning, they also made substantial innovations. The
loss of this tradition has proven tragic for Muslim peoples. Science flourished in the Golden Age of Islam because of a strong rationalist
and liberal tradition, carried on by a group of Muslim thinkers known as the
Mutazilites. But in the 12th century, Muslim orthodoxy reawakened, spearheaded by the Arab
cleric Imam Al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali championed revelation over reason,
predestination over free will. He damned mathematics as being against Islam, an
intoxicant of the mind that weakened faith. Caught in the viselike grip of orthodoxy, Islam choked. No longer would
Muslim, Christian and Jewish scholars gather and work together in the royal
courts. It was the end of tolerance, intellect and science in the Muslim world.
The last great Muslim thinker, Abd-al Rahman Ibn Khaldun, belonged to the 14th
century. Meanwhile, the rest of the world moved on. The Renaissance brought an
explosion of scientific inquiry in the West. This owed much to translations of
Greek works carried out by Arabs and other Muslim contributions, but they were
to matter little. Mercantile capitalism and technological progress drove Western
countries -- in ways that were often brutal and at times genocidal -- to rapidly
colonize the Muslim world from Indonesia to Morocco. It soon became clear, at
least to some of the Muslim elites, that they were paying a heavy price for not
possessing the analytical tools of modern science and the social and political
values of modern culture -- the real source of power of their colonizers. Despite widespread resistance from the orthodox, the logic of modernity found
19th-century Muslim adherents. Some seized on the modern idea of the
nation-state. It is crucial to note that not a single Muslim nationalist leader
of the 20th century was a fundamentalist. However, Muslim and Arab nationalism, part of a larger anti-colonial
nationalist current across the Third World, included the desire to control and
use national resources for domestic benefit. The conflict with Western greed was
inevitable. The imperial interests of Britain, and later the United States,
feared independent nationalism. Anyone willing to collaborate was preferred,
even the ultraconservative Islamic regime of Saudi Arabia. In 1953, Mohammed
Mosaddeq of Iran was overthrown in a CIA coup, replaced by Shah Mohammad Reza
Pahlavi. Britain targeted Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser. Indonesia's Sukarno was
replaced by Suharto after a bloody coup that left hundreds of thousands
dead. Pressed from outside, corrupt and incompetent from within, secular Muslim
governments proved unable to defend national interests or deliver social
justice. They began to frustrate democracy to preserve their positions of power
and privilege. These failures left a vacuum that Islamic religious movements
grew to fill -- in Iran, Pakistan and Sudan, to name a few. The lack of scruple and the pursuit of power by the United States combined
fatally with this tide in the Muslim world in 1979, when the Soviet Union
invaded Afghanistan. With Pakistan's Mohammed Zia ul-Haq as America's foremost
ally, the CIA openly recruited Islamic holy warriors from Egypt, Saudi Arabia,
Sudan and Algeria. Radical Islam went into overdrive as its superpower ally and
mentor funneled support to the mujaheddin; Ronald Reagan feted them on the White
House lawn. The rest is by now familiar: After the Soviet Union collapsed, the United
States walked away from an Afghanistan in shambles. The Taliban emerged; Osama
bin Laden and his al Qaeda made Afghanistan their base. What should thoughtful people infer from this whole narrative? For Muslims, it is time to stop wallowing in self-pity: Muslims are not
helpless victims of conspiracies hatched by an all-powerful, malicious West. The
fact is that the decline of Islamic greatness took place long before the age of
mercantile imperialism. The causes were essentially internal. Therefore Muslims
must be introspective and ask what went wrong. Muslims must recognize that their societies are far larger, more diverse and
complex than the small homogeneous tribal society in Arabia 1,400 years ago. It
is therefore time to renounce the idea that Islam can survive and prosper only
in an Islamic state run according to sharia, or Islamic law. Muslims
need a secular and democratic state that respects religious freedom and human
dignity and is founded on the principle that power belongs to the people. This
means confronting and rejecting the claim by orthodox Islamic scholars that, in
an Islamic state, sovereignty belongs to the vice-regents of Allah, or Islamic
jurists, not to the people. Muslims must not look to the likes of bin Laden; such people have no real
answer and can offer no real positive alternative. To glorify their terrorism is
a hideous mistake: The unremitting slaughter of Shiites, Christians and Ahmadis
in their places of worship in Pakistan, and of other minorities in other Muslim
countries, is proof that all terrorism is not about the revolt of the
dispossessed. The United States, too, must confront bitter truths. The messages of George
W. Bush and Tony Blair fall flat while those of bin Laden, whether he lives or
dies, resonate strongly across the Muslim world. Bin Laden's religious extremism
turns off many Muslims, but they find his political message easy to relate to:
The United States must stop helping Israel in dispossessing the Palestinians,
stop propping up corrupt and despotic regimes across the world just because they
serve U.S. interests. Americans will also have to accept that their triumphalism and disdain for
international law are creating enemies everywhere, not just among Muslims.
Therefore they must become less arrogant and more like other peoples of this
world. Our collective survival lies in recognizing that religion is not the
solution; neither is nationalism. We have but one choice: the path of secular
humanism, based upon the principles of logic and reason. This alone offers the
hope of providing everybody on this globe with the right to life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness. Pervez Hoodbhoy is a professor of nuclear and high-energy physics at
Quaid-e-Azam University in Pakistan's capital, Islamabad.
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This is a story that is being circulated by "Conservative Christians"
about Islam, followed by the response of a Muslim authority.
A prison visit by a Muslim cleric: By Rick Mathes Last month I attended my annual training session that's required for maintaining my state prison security clearance. During the training session there was a presentation by three speakers representing the Roman Catholic, Protestant and Muslim faiths who explained their belief systems. I was particularly interested in what the Islamic Imam had to say. The Imam gave a great presentation of the basics of Islam, complete with a video. After the presentations, time was provided for questions and answers. When it was my turn, I directed my question to the Imam and asked: "Please, correct me if I'm wrong, but I understand that most Imams and clerics of Islam have declared a holy jihad [Holy war] against the infidels of the world. And, that by killing an infidel, which is a command to all Muslims, they are assured of a place in heaven. If that's the case, can you give me the definition of an infidel?" There was no disagreement with my statements and without hesitation he replied, "Non-believers!" I responded, "So, let me make sure I have this straight. All followers of Allah have been commanded to kill everyone who is not of your faith so they can go to Heaven. Is that correct?" The _expression on his face changed from one of authority and command to that of a little boy who had just gotten caught with his hand in the cookie jar. He sheepishly replied, "Yes." I then stated, "Well, sir, I have a real problem trying to imagine Pope John Paul commanding all Catholics to kill those of your faith or Pat Robertson or Dr. Stanley ordering Protestants to do the same in order to go to Heaven!" The Imam was speechless. I continued, "I also have problem with being your friend when you and your brother clerics are telling your followers to kill me. Let me ask you a question...would you rather have your Allah who tells you to kill me in order to go to Heaven or my Jesus who tells me to love you because I'm going to Heaven and wants you to be with me?" You could have heard a pin drop as the Imam hung his head in shame. Chuck Colson once told me something that has sustained me these 20 years of prison ministry. He said to me, "Rick, remember that the truth will prevail." And it will! (Speaking in Germany on Sept. 13, 2006) "The German Pope quoted from a book recounting a conversation between a 14th century Byzantine Christian Emperor Manuel Paleologos II and an educated Persian on the truths of Christianity and Islam. The emperor comes to speak about the issue of jihad, holy war," the Pope said. He said, I quote, 'Show me just what Mohammed brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." Pakistan's Parliament Unanimously Adopts Resolution Condemning Pope's Remarks About Islam |
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